The Self-Expanding Metallic Stents (SEMS) ecosystem comprises a defined set of upstream, midstream and downstream actors that collectively transform raw inputs into clinical outcomes. Upstream, specialty alloy producers and polymer suppliers provide nitinol or stainless‑steel wire and biocompatible coatings. Midstream, device manufacturers integrate these components, embed delivery catheter technology, and perform regulatory submissions. Downstream, distributors, hospital procurement teams and interventional radiologists/vascular surgeons acquire the finished stents and apply them in coronary, peripheral, or gastrointestinal procedures. Value is generated through material innovation, device engineering, and clinical adoption, while capture occurs via product pricing, service contracts, and reimbursement pathways.