Segmentation by type classifies oral antidiabetic agents according to their pharmacological mechanism. Biguanides, led by metformin, remain the cornerstone of therapy due to their efficacy, safety profile, and cost advantage, securing the largest share of the market. Sulfonylureas stimulate insulin release and, despite concerns over hypoglycemia, retain relevance in price‑sensitive regions. DPP‑4 inhibitors enhance incretin activity, offering a favorable safety margin that fuels premium‑pricing strategies. SGLT2 inhibitors promote glucosuria, delivering cardiovascular and renal benefits that have reshaped prescribing patterns and accelerated market expansion. Thiazolidinediones act on insulin sensitivity but face declining use owing to safety issues. Each type contributes uniquely to the total market size: biguanides (~40 %), sulfonylureas (~25 %), DPP‑4 inhibitors (~15 %), SGLT2 inhibitors (~15 %), and thiazolidinediones (~5 %). Understanding these type‑specific dynamics is essential for accurate market taxonomy and competitive positioning.