The Omega-3 ecosystem spans three functional tiers. Upstream, raw material suppliers harvest marine fish, krill, or cultivate algal biomass, providing triglyceride or ethyl‑ester oils. Midstream actors refine these oils, concentrate EPA/DHA, and apply encapsulation or fortification technologies that enable integration into dosage forms. Downstream, manufacturers embed the ingredients into pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, functional foods, and animal feed, while distributors and retail channels deliver the finished products to health‑care providers, consumers, and institutional buyers. Value is generated through biochemical conversion efficiency, compliance with purity standards, and differentiation via delivery formats, while capture occurs at each tier through licensing, processing margins, and brand premiums.