Newborn Blood Screening segmentation by type is anchored in the diagnostic approach, not the disease target. Dry-blood-spot assays dominate, accounting for roughly 60 % of global test revenue; capillary blood collected 24–48 h after birth is spotted on filter cards, transported at ambient temperature, and interrogated by tandem mass spectrometry or molecular panels, yielding a cost per sample below US $1.50 at scale. Liquid-based assays—cord blood or venous draws processed in EDTA tubes—capture ~30 % share, valued for real-time kinetics and compatibility with high-throughput chemiluminescence platforms, but incur cold-chain and 20 % higher consumable costs. The residual point-of-care enzymatic tests, though <10 % share, are growing fastest in low-resource settings because they eliminate central-lab logistics; cartridge pricing and lower sensitivity for some metabolic panels remain limiting factors. Together, these modalities frame a market taxonomy where workflow economics, not epidemiology, dictate adoption curves.