Indium recycling types are bifurcated into primary recovery and secondary recovery, each with distinct process pathways and market implications. Primary recovery refers to the extraction of indium directly from virgin ore concentrates, a relatively low‑volume activity that supplements supply but is capital‑intensive and environmentally burdensome, thus contributing minimally—estimated under 10 %—to overall market turnover. Secondary recovery dominates the sector, subdivided into end‑of‑life electronics and manufacturing scrap streams. End‑of‑life electronics involve dismantling and processing discarded devices (e.g., LCD panels, photovoltaic modules) to reclaim indium, a source that aligns with circular‑economy incentives and drives the bulk of market growth. Manufacturing scrap captures indium‑laden residues generated during wafer fabrication, sputtering target production, and thin‑film deposition, offering high‑purity feedstock with lower collection costs. Both secondary sub‑categories together generate the remaining 90 % of recycled indium, underpinning the sector’s scalability and profitability while reducing dependence on primary mining.