The Human Lung Models segmentation by application reflects the functional drivers of market growth. Drug discovery accounts for the largest share, as pharmaceutical firms increasingly rely on physiologically relevant lung platforms to screen candidate molecules for efficacy against respiratory targets, thereby reducing attrition rates. Toxicity testing follows closely, with regulatory agencies mandating more accurate inhalation toxicity assessments; lung models provide a human‑relevant alternative to animal studies, accelerating safety evaluation timelines. Disease modeling contributes a significant portion, enabling researchers to replicate complex pathologies such as asthma, COPD, and COVID‑19 within controlled in‑vitro environments, which supports biomarker identification and therapeutic mechanism studies. Finally, regenerative medicine represents a niche but expanding segment, where lung constructs are employed to explore cell‑based therapies and tissue engineering solutions for lung repair. Collectively, these application categories shape the overall market size by dictating demand for specialized model types, influencing investment priorities, and guiding the development of supporting technologies.