The Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) ecosystem spans upstream component supply, midstream system manufacturing and integration, and downstream delivery to clinical users. Upstream, raw material and component suppliers provide biocompatible membranes, tubing, and sensors that define circuit performance. Midstream actors—OEMs, technology providers, and system integrators—combine these inputs into certified platforms, embed monitoring software, and adapt installations to hospital infrastructure. Downstream, distributors manage regional logistics, service providers ensure uptime through maintenance and training, and end‑users such as hospitals and specialized cardiac or respiratory centers operate the systems. Value is generated through equipment sales, consumable contracts, and service agreements, while capture hinges on regulatory clearance, clinical efficacy, and after‑sales support.