The type axis of Extra Heavy Crude Oil market taxonomy classifies the resource by geological origin and physicochemical traits, influencing extraction cost, processing complexity, and downstream suitability. Venezuelan Orinoco Belt crude, characterized by an API gravity below 10 ° and sulfur exceeding 3 %, dominates the supply base, driving investment in upgraded facilities to mitigate its extreme viscosity. Canadian Athabasca Bitumen constitutes a secondary type, with marginally higher API (8–12 °) but similar asphaltene levels, prompting reliance on steam‑assisted extraction and in‑situ upgrading. Russian Sakhalin heavy oil, while still classified as extra heavy, exhibits a comparatively lower sulfur content (≈2 %) and marginally higher API (12–14 °), allowing more straightforward hydrotreating pathways. African Lake‑bed heavy oils, such as those from the Congo Basin, present intermediate properties that necessitate tailored blending strategies to meet refinery gate‑entry specifications. Understanding these subtypes clarifies cost structures and capacity planning, thereby refining the overall Extra Heavy Crude Oil segmentation analysis.