Segmentation of Case Hardening Steel by type distinguishes three core families—carburizing steels, nitriding steels, and induction‑hardening steels—each with distinct alloying profiles and process windows. Carburizing steels, typically low‑alloyed with 0.2–0.6 % carbon and 0.8–1.2 % chromium, are engineered for conventional gas or pack carburizing, delivering a hardened case depth of 0.5–2 mm; they dominate the gear‑train and transmission markets where surface hardness above 58 HRC is essential. Nitriding steels, enriched with aluminum, molybdenum, and 0.8–1.2 % nitrogen‑absorbing elements, support gas or plasma nitriding processes that produce a thin (≤0.5 mm) but highly wear‑resistant layer without distortion, making them preferred for aerospace landing‑gear and high‑speed shafts. Induction‑hardening steels, characterized by high manganese and moderate carbon (0.4–0.6 %), are tailored for rapid surface heating and quenching, enabling case depths of 0.2–1.5 mm with minimal dimensional change, a requirement for automotive crankshafts and heavy‑duty axles. The relative market share of these types aligns with the application distribution, reinforcing the overall market taxonomy.