Segmentation by type classifies the market into in vitro assays, in vivo models, imaging‑based assays, and biomarker panels. In vitro assays, such as hPSC‑derived cardiomyocyte platforms, dominate due to scalability and relevance to human physiology, supporting both early‑stage screening and mechanistic studies. In vivo models, including rodent and non‑human primate studies, remain essential for whole‑organism toxicity validation, especially for compounds with complex pharmacokinetics. Imaging‑based assays, encompassing optical mapping, voltage‑sensitive dyes, and high‑resolution ultrasound, provide functional readouts of electrophysiology and contractility, adding depth to risk assessment. Biomarker panels, which measure cardiac troponins, natriuretic peptides, and novel proteomic signatures, are increasingly adopted for both preclinical and clinical contexts to quantify injury and guide decision‑making. Each type contributes distinct value propositions, collectively expanding the market by addressing complementary stages of the drug development pipeline.