The types classification addresses the technological approaches employed to remediate black and odorous water, segmented into chemical, biological, and physical‑based treatments, each with distinct sub‑processes. Chemical methods include coagulation‑flocculation, oxidation (e.g., chlorine, ozone), and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as Fenton's reagent, collectively representing the most flexible solution for rapid contaminant breakdown. Biological treatments comprise aerobic activated sludge, anaerobic digestion, and biofilm reactors, leveraging microbial metabolism to degrade organic load and reduce odor precursors; these are favored for their lower operating costs in large‑scale municipal facilities. Physical techniques involve adsorption (activated carbon), membrane filtration (ultrafiltration, nanofiltration), and air stripping, offering targeted removal of suspended solids and volatile compounds. Each type contributes proportionally to market size based on efficacy, capital intensity, and regulatory suitability, enabling stakeholders to align technology selection with specific process requirements within the overall market taxonomy.