Automobile Thermal Runaway Monitoring Sensor segmentation by type distinguishes three principal architectures: passive resistive temperature detectors (RTDs), active thermocouple‑based sensors, and semiconductor‑based infrared (IR) sensors. Passive RTDs rely on the predictable change in electrical resistance of a metal element with temperature, offering high linearity and long‑term stability but requiring external excitation circuitry. Active thermocouple sensors generate a voltage proportional to the temperature differential, enabling rapid response to sudden thermal excursions, yet they demand cold‑junction compensation and are susceptible to electromagnetic interference. Semiconductor IR sensors detect emitted radiation in the mid‑infrared band, providing non‑contact measurement that can monitor battery packs without intrusive wiring, though they involve higher unit costs and calibration complexity. The market share of each type reflects trade‑offs between cost, response time, integration ease, and reliability, collectively shaping the overall market size for thermal runaway monitoring solutions in automotive platforms.