The Antigen Microarray ecosystem is bounded by three tightly coupled tiers: upstream suppliers of nitrocellulose, glass, gold-coated slides, and recombinant antigen libraries; midstream manufacturers that print, functionalise, QC, and package arrays; and downstream clinical, academic, and industrial laboratories that run assays and interpret data. Value is created at each interface: suppliers differentiate by protein fidelity and surface chemistries, manufacturers compete on spot density and reproducibility, and laboratories monetise diagnostic or research outputs. Intellectual property, regulatory dossiers, and data analytics capabilities determine where margins are captured.