Types Segmentation – Within the duty‑free environment, product categories are classified into distinct types: Spirits & Wines, Tobacco, Perfumes & Cosmetics, Confectionery & Snacks, and Fashion & Accessories. Spirits & Wines dominate the high‑margin segment, leveraging tax exemptions to offer premium labels at competitive prices, thereby driving a disproportionate share of profit despite representing a moderate sales volume. Tobacco products, constrained by regulatory limits, still command significant revenue due to brand loyalty and price differentials from domestic markets. Perfumes & Cosmetics exhibit the fastest growth rate, propelled by brand‑centric marketing and the appeal of travel‑size formats. Confectionery & Snacks, characterized by low unit prices and high turnover, serve as impulse‑buy drivers, especially among transit passengers. Fashion & Accessories, encompassing watches, jewelry and designer handbags, contribute a smaller volume but a high average transaction value, reflecting the luxury orientation of duty‑free shoppers. This type‑based market taxonomy delineates how each product group contributes to total market size and guides inventory allocation across airport retail spaces.